Reports & Research

Wildfire risk in the United States is no longer confined to the edges of forests or traditionally high-risk zones. New analysis using ZestyAI’s property-level wildfire models shows that millions of homes classified as low or no wildfire risk under federal assessments face elevated wildfire danger when evaluated at the property level.

This analysis was recently featured in Vox, which examined how wildfire behavior is evolving — and why broad, backward-looking risk maps are increasingly misaligned with how fires spread today.

👉 Read the full article on Vox → https://www.vox.com/climate/476932/california-wildfire-los-angeles-risk-ai-housing-climate

Wildfire risk is closer — and more granular — than most maps show

Many homes damaged or destroyed in the 2025 Los Angeles wildfires were still classified as “low risk” under federal wildfire assessments. ZestyAI’s property-level analysis provides a different perspective.

By evaluating individual structures — including vegetation proximity, defensible space, building characteristics, and neighborhood-level fire dynamics — ZestyAI identified more than 3,000 properties worth approximately $2.4 billion in areas impacted by the Palisades and Eaton fires that showed elevated wildfire risk despite being classified as low or no risk under FEMA’s census-level assessments.

Across California, the classification gap is even broader. Approximately 1.2 million properties, representing roughly $940 billion in residential property value, are designated as low or no wildfire risk under federal maps, despite AI-driven property-level models indicating elevated wildfire danger.

Why census-level wildfire maps fall short

Wildfires do not spread evenly across census tracts or counties. Ember-driven ignition, structure-to-structure spread, wind conditions, and localized vegetation patterns create uneven outcomes, where one home survives and the next is destroyed.

Federal wildfire assessments are designed to provide a baseline view of community-level risk. FEMA has noted that its National Risk Index is not intended to serve as a property-specific risk assessment. When risk is evaluated at the individual property level, meaningful differences emerge that aggregated maps are not designed to capture.

What more granular wildfire risk intelligence enables

More detailed wildfire risk data can support:

• Targeted mitigation efforts at the property and neighborhood level
• More informed rebuilding and land-use decisions
• Clearer, more defensible underwriting and portfolio strategies
• Improved dialogue between insurers, regulators, and communities

A shift in how wildfire risk is understood

Wildfire risk is evolving faster than the systems built to measure it. Homes are no longer just adjacent to wildfire hazards; they increasingly influence how fires ignite, spread, and intensify, even in dense urban environments.

Property-level risk intelligence does not remove hard decisions. But without it, those decisions are made using an incomplete picture of where wildfire risk truly exists.

Read the full Vox article here.

In property insurance, roof age is one of the most critical factors in assessing risk. Yet too often, carriers rely on self-reported or agent-supplied data that is incomplete or inaccurate.

ZestyAI’s recent analysis of 500,000+ properties revealed widespread discrepancies in reported roof age. The result? Mispriced policies, unexpected losses, and operational inefficiencies that impact the bottom line.

As climate volatility grows and reinsurance pressure intensifies, overlooking the true condition and age of a home’s largest, most exposed surface is a risk no carrier can afford.

What’s Inside

• Uncover the biggest myths and blind spots in roof age records.
• Understand why traditional data sources, like claims systems and permits, fall short in providing accurate roof age.
• Learn how a multi-source verification strategy, combining aerial imagery, permits, tax records, and AI, offers a blueprint for improvement and 97% national coverage.
• Explore why roof age is a predictor of losses across multiple perils, not just wind and hail.
• Discover the one-two punch of verified roof age and real-time condition insights, delivering a complete view of risk, even for young roofs with hidden problems.
• Align your roof age data with growing regulatory expectations, particularly in states like Florida.

Access the Guide.

New research from ZestyAI reveals that 62% of U.S. homeowners are deferring critical home maintenance, adding up to $317 billion in potential claims exposure for insurers.

These findings come as Severe Convective Storms (SCS) caused an estimated $58 billion in insured losses in 2024, surpassing hurricane-related losses and marking the second-costliest SCS year on record.

Tornadoes, hail, and wind events now account for over 60% of all U.S. catastrophe claims, and research from the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) shows that roof damage accounts for up to 90% of residential catastrophe losses.

Key Findings from ZestyAI’s Homeowner Survey

According to ZestyAI’s nationally representative survey, 62% of homeowners have delayed essential repairs due to budget constraints, representing nearly 59 million U.S. homes with unaddressed vulnerabilities. Forty percent said they would rely on an insurance claim to cover major repairs like roof replacement, adding up to an estimated $317 billion in potential exposure for carriers.

Alarmingly, 63% of homeowners who weren’t living in their home at the time of the last roof replacement don’t know how old their roof is, making it even harder to detect aging systems before they fail. Meanwhile, 12% admitted they would delay repairs indefinitely, further increasing their risk of property damage.

Severe Convective Storms: The Growing Catastrophe Risk

This blind spot compounds known risks: prior ZestyAI analysis has identified over 12.6 million U.S. properties at high risk for hail-related roof damage, representing $189.5 billion in potential roof replacement costs.

“Deferred maintenance has long been a known risk factor, but today the stakes are higher than ever,” said Kumar Dhuvur, Co-Founder and Chief Product Officer of ZestyAI. "With claim severity rising and storm losses compounding, insurers need more than hazard maps to navigate this landscape."

"Property-level insights allow carriers to proactively address known vulnerabilities, improve underwriting precision, and work with homeowners to reduce losses before they happen.”

ZestyAI’s findings support a growing push toward data-driven, preventative underwriting strategies, especially as carriers face rising claim severity and pressure to improve combined ratios across storm-prone states.

With insured losses projected to exceed $30 billion, the recent Los Angeles wildfires rank among the costliest in U.S. history—reshaping how insurers think about risk, resilience, and readiness.

Watch the Full Webinar → LA Fires in Focus: What Insurers Need to Know

In this on-demand webinar, experts from the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS), the Western Fire Chiefs Association, Cal Poly’s WUI Fire Institute, and ZestyAI unpack what really happened—from frontline response to lab-based research and model performance—and share critical strategies insurers can use to prepare for what’s next.

Watch this session if you’re a Product Managers, Underwriters, Actuaries, and Risk & Innovation leaders looking to make informed decisions in an increasingly volatile wildfire landscape.

What You’ll Learn

• Key takeaways from the Los Angeles wildfires
• Research on structure-to-structure fire spread and resilience factors
• How wildfire risk models performed—what we got right (and wrong)
• Practical strategies to reduce exposure and strengthen resilience

Meet the Experts

• Anne Cope, Chief Engineer, IBHS
• Bob Roper, CEO, Western Fire Chiefs Association
• Frank Frievalt, Director, WUI Fire Institute at Cal Poly
• Kumar Duhvur, Co-Founder & CPO, ZestyAI

With insured losses projected to exceed $30 billion, the recent Los Angeles wildfires rank among the costliest in U.S. history—reshaping how insurers think about risk, resilience, and readiness.

Watch the Full Webinar → LA Fires in Focus: What Insurers Need to Know

In this on-demand webinar, experts from the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS), the Western Fire Chiefs Association, Cal Poly’s WUI Fire Institute, and ZestyAI unpack what really happened—from frontline response to lab-based research and model performance—and share critical strategies insurers can use to prepare for what’s next.

Watch this session if you’re a Product Managers, Underwriters, Actuaries, and Risk & Innovation leaders looking to make informed decisions in an increasingly volatile wildfire landscape.

What You’ll Learn

• Key takeaways from the Los Angeles wildfires
• Research on structure-to-structure fire spread and resilience factors
• How wildfire risk models performed—what we got right (and wrong)
• Practical strategies to reduce exposure and strengthen resilience

Meet the Experts

• Anne Cope, Chief Engineer, IBHS
• Bob Roper, CEO, Western Fire Chiefs Association
• Frank Frievalt, Director, WUI Fire Institute at Cal Poly
• Kumar Duhvur, Co-Founder & CPO, ZestyAI

Wildfire Risk Is Rising Nationwide‍

Wildfire seasons are getting longer, more destructive, and harder to predict—and they’re no longer just a Western U.S. concern. From the Southeast to the Midwest, wildfire risk is emerging in places many insurers haven’t traditionally watched.

What the Latest Data Reveals About Wildfire Exposure

Drawing from the latest national datasets and insights from ZestyAI’s Z-FIRE™ model, this visual guide to wildfire risk in the U.S. shows:

• New wildfire hotspots: Discover where risk is rising fastest.
• Mitigation gaps: Learn how a lack of defensible space is putting thousands of homes in danger across the country.
• Top risk drivers: See how features like overhanging trees and wooden roofs are fueling destruction in high-risk areas.

Download Free Infographic

BONUS: You’ll also get access to our latest online event with IBHS and Western Fire Chiefs Association, The LA Fires in Focus: What Worked, What Didn’t, What’s Next for Insurers.

ZestyAI, the leading provider of AI-driven risk analytics for the property and casualty insurance industry, today announced it has secured a $15 million credit facility from CIBC Innovation Banking.

The facility enhances ZestyAI’s financial flexibility and reinforces its strong balance sheet as the company scales adoption of its climate and property risk models, delivering over 31 million property risk assessments in 2024, more than double the volume from 2023, and on pace to exceed 50 million in 2025.

“We’ve built ZestyAI with long-term discipline and a clear mission: to help insurers navigate changing risks with confidence,” said Attila Toth, Founder and CEO of ZestyAI.

“As demand for trusted, property-level risk insights continues to grow, this capital infusion enables ZestyAI to further invest in supporting this rapid growth and become the industry standard for property risk analytics."

Strengthening ZestyAI’s Position for Rapid Growth

Capital that supports scale, product expansion, and customer demand

“ZestyAI is addressing a critical need in the insurance industry with its AI-powered approach to property and climate risk,” said Sean Thompson, Managing Director, California Market Manager at CIBC Innovation Banking.

“We’re proud to support ZestyAI’s next phase of growth as it continues expanding its platform and deepening its impact across the insurance ecosystem.”

ZestyAI’s footprint has expanded rapidly across the insurance landscape, with growing adoption among admitted carriers, MGAs, the E&S market, FAIR Plans, and public-private partnerships. Over the past year, the company secured 33 new and expanded customer partnerships, including 26 brand-new clients, and launched four new products.

Accelerating Regulatory Momentum Nationwide

This growth has been matched by accelerating regulatory traction. ZestyAI’s AI-driven models for wildfire, severe convective storms, and non-weather water damage have now been approved in over 50 regulatory filings nationwide, with recent approvals in Texas, Colorado, Ohio, Georgia, Connecticut, Michigan, North Carolina, Louisiana, and Oklahoma.

Recently reviewed by the California Department of Insurance (CDI) in the rate application process, Z-FIRE™, ZestyAI’s wildfire model, can continue to be filed for rate segmentation and underwriting without further review under the Pre-Application Required Information Determination (PRID) process, effective January 2, 2025.

Fueling a Mission to Expand Access to Coverage

Built at the intersection of property data, climate science, and AI, ZestyAI’s platform delivers precise, parcel-level risk insights that help insurers strengthen underwriting, price accurately, optimize inspections, and expand coverage, especially in catastrophe-prone regions. In 2024, ZestyAI helped carriers and insurers of last resort extend coverage to over 511,000 properties previously deemed uninsurable, advancing its mission to protect the livelihoods of homeowners, business owners, and their communities.

As Colorado’s HB 1182 introduces new requirements for wildfire risk transparency and mitigation recognition, ZestyAI is helping insurers comply with proven, mitigation-ready solutions.

What HB 1182 Requires from Insurers

Recently signed into law, HB 1182 requires insurers to disclose how wildfire risk models impact rates, account for property- and community-level mitigation efforts, notify policyholders annually of their risk scores and available discounts, and provide a clear appeals process for disputed scores.

The new regulations take effect July 1, 2026, across homeowners and condo policies, including admitted carriers and the FAIR Plan.

Carriers need to move early to ensure their risk models, rating plans, and customer communications meet the law’s requirements. ZestyAI’s explainable AI models are already in use by the Colorado FAIR Plan and leading carriers to assess mitigation and support policyholder communications in Colorado and other wildfire-prone states.

"As regulatory expectations around transparency and customer engagement continue to evolve, HB 1182 sets a clear framework for wildfire risk modeling," said Bryan Rehor, Head of Regulatory Affairs at ZestyAI.

"ZestyAI’s models were built with these principles in mind, offering carriers a proven, low-friction way to meet these requirements while delivering a better experience to policyholders."

How ZestyAI Helps Carriers Meet HB 1182 Requirements

• Built for Transparency: ZestyAI’s explainable AI models allow carriers to clearly communicate how risk scores are generated, what factors are considered, and how mitigation actions influence risk.
• Mitigation-Ready Risk Modeling: Property- and community-level mitigation efforts are integrated into risk assessments, supporting discounts and appropriate pricing.
• Consumer Risk Score Disclosures: ZestyAI enables carriers to generate individual risk scores and mitigation factors for annual policyholder notifications.
• Appeals and Score Adjustments: Carriers can update risk scores in real time based on new property information, offering transparency and responsiveness to policyholders.
• Regulatory Alignment: ZestyAI’s wildfire, hail, wind, and severe storm models have been reviewed and approved for use in Colorado, helping carriers meet standards with confidence.
• Multi-State Scalability: Carriers can streamline compliance across Colorado and other regulatory environments using the same ZestyAI platform.

A Clear Path to Compliance in Colorado—and Beyond

ZestyAI maintains strong relationships with state insurance regulators and actively participates in dialogue around evolving requirements.

At the national level, ZestyAI engages with organizations such as the NAIC and leading industry advocacy groups to stay ahead of broader regulatory trends.

Through in-house Rating and Advisory organizations, ZestyAI files its models directly with state departments of insurance, ensuring each solution is rigorously vetted and aligned with jurisdiction-specific standards before reaching the market.

ZestyAI today announced a four-year expansion of its partnership with the California FAIR Plan.

Since 2021, the insurer of last resort has leveraged ZestyAI’s Z-FIRE™ to enhance risk assessment, ensuring that homeowners unable to obtain private insurance still have access to wildfire coverage.

How Z-FIRE Supports Access to Wildfire Coverage

With coverage spanning nearly 100% of U.S. properties, Z-FIRE is already trusted by more than one-third of California’s insurance market to refine underwriting, enhance risk segmentation, and ensure that premiums accurately reflect the true wildfire exposure and vulnerability of each structure.

The model leverages AI-driven analysis of over 2,000 historical wildfires, integrating satellite and aerial imagery, topography, and property-level characteristics to provide precise, property-specific risk assessments.

‍This scientifically validated approach is backed by decades of research, including studies from the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS).

“We’re honored to continue supporting the California FAIR Plan in providing reliable insurance coverage in high-risk regions,” said Attila Toth, Founder & CEO of ZestyAI.

“By providing Z-FIRE scores directly to policyholders, the California FAIR Plan has increased transparency around wildfire risk and empowered homeowners to take meaningful mitigation steps—like defensible space measures and fire-resistant building materials—to better protect their homes and communities.”

ZestyAI works closely with regulators to ensure transparency, validation, and continuous monitoring of its AI-driven models.

Regulatory Alignment Across the Western U.S.

The company has secured key regulatory approvals across the U.S., including all Western states for Z-FIRE and broad acceptance of its severe convective storm models from Texas to Colorado, the Midwest, and the Great Plains.

The California Department of Insurance (CDI) has reviewed Z-FIRE as part of recently approved rate filings. Insurers can continue filing to use the model for rate segmentation and underwriting without additional review under the Pre-Application Required Information Determination (PRID) process.

Building on its success in California, ZestyAI has partnered with other insurers of last resort, including the Colorado FAIR Plan, further expanding the adoption of AI-driven risk models to help protect families and communities.

Insurance carriers have long relied on aerial imagery to assess property risk, but not all imagery offers the same level of insight. Oblique imagery—angled aerial photos that show the sides of buildings, not just the rooftops—is gaining traction as an essential tool for property underwriting, inspections, and claims.

ZestyAI is proud to now offer oblique imagery from major imagery providers directly within our platform. That means carriers get access to the most comprehensive, up-to-date, and high-resolution views available, streamlined into a single interface, and always in context with our industry-leading property risk insights.

Why Oblique Imagery Matters

Unlike traditional top-down (orthogonal) imagery, oblique views provide side-angle perspectives that reveal critical features often missed from above. This added dimension helps insurers:

• Spot more risk factors: Identify decks, porches, attached structures, handrails, and overhangs—details that are often invisible from above but meaningful for underwriting and rating.
• Gain a more complete picture: Assess roof geometry and slope, siding condition, and visible maintenance issues without needing an in-person inspection.
• Underwrite with confidence: Reduce uncertainty in borderline or complex risks by giving underwriters a full visual context.
• Support faster claims verification: Pre-loss oblique imagery strengthens documentation, helps reduce disputes, and expedites claim handling.

As Rick Smith, Underwriting Manager at Standard Casualty, explains:

“We can get overhead and oblique shots of those locations. We can accomplish through aerial photography what we do through an on-site inspection at a fraction of the cost, which is really important for us.”

The Problem: Fragmented, Outdated, or Incomplete Views

Many carriers still rely on patchwork imagery or public sources like Google Street View.

The result?

• Coverage gaps: Rural, coastal, or wildfire-prone regions may not be frequently or adequately captured, leaving insurers with limited visibility in high-risk areas.
• Stale or seasonal views: Images can be several years old or captured in winter conditions, where snow, shadows, or vegetation obscure key features. Public tools like Google Street View are often even more outdated, sometimes by five years or more.
• No risk context: Raw imagery alone doesn't tell the full story. Without integrated risk scores or property intelligence, it’s just a picture, not a decision-making tool. 

These challenges lead to slower decisions, higher inspection costs, and greater exposure to unknown risks.

ZestyAI’s Advantage: A Complete, Unified View

ZestyAI removes these roadblocks by offering a seamless, integrated oblique imagery experience, built directly into our property risk platform. Here’s what sets us apart:

• Aggregated imagery from major providers: No more relying on a single source. We deliver the widest available footprint and intelligently surface the best imagery for each property.
• Highest recency and resolution: Our platform automatically displays the most recent, clearest, and most relevant imagery available, so you never miss what matters.
• Contextualized insights: Oblique views are shown alongside our AI-powered risk scores and property features, empowering faster and more informed decisions.
• Workflow-ready: Designed for use across underwriting, inspection triage, and claims support, with full scalability for enterprise teams.

Real Impact for Carriers

Insurers using ZestyAI’s oblique imagery capabilities are already seeing measurable improvements:

• Reduced reliance on field inspections
• More accurate roof and structure classifications
• Faster quote turnaround with fewer touchpoints
• Better risk segmentation and fewer surprises at renewal

Combined with ZestyAI’s property-level risk models for perils like wildfire, severe storms, and water damage, oblique imagery helps carriers make decisions with more confidence and clarity every step of the way.

See What You’ve Been Missing 

Oblique imagery adds a critical dimension to property assessment, and when it’s seamlessly integrated with ZestyAI’s AI-powered insights, the result is faster decisions, better risk selection, and more confident underwriting.

See your risk from every angle. 

Schedule a demo today.

ZestyAI today announced a new partnership with Kin Insurance, a direct-to-consumer, digital home insurance provider committed to serving catastrophe-exposed markets.

As part of its expansion into California, Kin has deployed Z-FIRE, ZestyAI’s wildfire risk model, to accurately assess property-level wildfire exposure and expand access to coverage in high-risk areas.

The model was integrated in just 10 days, enabling Kin to move quickly in meeting the needs of California’s evolving market.

Meeting California’s Growing Need for Property-Level Wildfire Insight

California continues to face a widening insurance gap, driven by more frequent natural disasters and insurer withdrawals.

This partnership supports Kin’s commitment to bringing insurance options back to communities impacted by limited availability of coverage.

Z-FIRE uses machine learning to evaluate each property’s unique characteristics, including defensible space, building materials, topography, vegetation, and more, to predict which properties are most likely to experience a wildfire and which ones will survive.

Why Kin Chose Z-FIRE to Support Responsible Growth

Michael McCright, vice president, pricing and risk management at Kin, said:

“California requires a smarter, more modern approach to home insurance risk management. ZestyAI’s Z-FIRE model brings the level of insight we need to confidently assess risk and offer coverage in areas at risk of wildfire.”

“Kin’s expansion into California is exactly the kind of forward-thinking move our technology was built to support,” said Attila Toth, Founder and CEO of ZestyAI. “Together, we’re helping show that with the right data and tools, insurers can re-enter challenging markets with confidence—and deliver meaningful protection to homeowners who need it most.”

“Equally important, Z-FIRE empowers insurers to recognize and reward mitigation efforts at the property level, encouraging homeowners to take action that reduces risk for themselves and their communities.”

Real-World Performance: Z-FIRE in the Los Angeles Wildfires

Z-FIRE’s performance has been validated through real-world events: Following the recent Los Angeles wildfires, Z-FIRE’s highest-risk ratings closely corresponded with the hardest-hit areas, with 94% and 87% of the areas affected by the Palisades and Eaton fires rated as High Risk by the model.

Among homes located within these perimeters, those flagged as having the highest vulnerability to damage were 50% more likely to be destroyed—highlighting the critical value of property-specific insights, even in dense urban settings.

ZestyAI works closely with regulators to ensure transparency, validation, and continuous monitoring of its AI-driven models.

The company has secured regulatory approvals across all Western states for Z-FIRE, along with broad acceptance of its severe convective storm suite of models in Texas, Colorado, the Midwest, and the Great Plains.

The Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services has approved ZestyAI's Severe Convective Storm suite, including the proprietary Z-HAIL™, Z-WIND™, and Z-STORM™ models.

Michigan Faces Rising Losses From Severe Convective Storms

The approval comes as Michigan contends with rising weather-related insurance losses.

According to NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), the state has experienced over $5 billion in insured storm damage since 2019, with hail and straight-line winds accounting for the majority of claims. In 2024, a series of intense summer storms alone caused more than $1.2 billion in insured losses.

Why Carriers Need Property-Level Precision

ZestyAI’s AI-driven platform predicts the likelihood and severity of claims from severe convective storms at the individual property level by analyzing the interaction of local climatology with property-specific characteristics. In contrast, most risk assessment models today rely on broader territory or ZIP code-level evaluations, overlooking critical property-level factors. 

Each model is built and validated on extensive real-world claims data and delivers transparent explanations of the key drivers behind every risk score, helping carriers make more accurate underwriting and rating decisions.

How ZestyAI’s Storm Models Improve Risk Assessment

Key capabilities include:

• Z-HAIL: Predicts hail damage risk and claim severity using property-specific attributes like roof complexity, historical losses, and accumulated damage, identifying which homes are most likely to file a claim, even within the same neighborhood. 
• Z-WIND: Combines AI-generated 3D analysis of roof condition, complexity, and potential failure points with local climatology to deliver pivotal insights into property-specific wind vulnerability and severity. 
• Z-STORM: Predicts the frequency and severity of storm damage claims, including hail and wind, examining the interaction between climatology and the unique characteristics of every structure and roof.

What Michigan’s Approval Means for Insurers

“As severe weather becomes more frequent and costly, insurers need tools that keep pace with evolving risks,” said Bryan Rehor, Director of Regulatory Affairs at ZestyAI.

“This approval gives Michigan carriers access to precise, property-level insights that support smarter underwriting and help reduce preventable losses.”

Michigan's approval marks the 17th state to embrace ZestyAI's Severe Convective Storm suite, reflecting increasing regulatory confidence in AI-powered risk models that deliver actionable insights while supporting industry-wide resilience efforts.